Health and nursing paper on: Primary health care
Health and nursing paper on: Primary health care
Primary Health Care “reflects and evolves from the economic conditions and socio-cultural and political characteristics of the country and its communities and is based on the application of the relevant results of social, biomedical and health services research and public health experience” (Declaration of Alma Ata).

Buy Assignments OnlineIntroduction

The Declaration of Alma-Ata in the year 1978 proved to be groundbreaking phenomenon because it helped in creating a link between the health and rights-based approach through development of a viable strategy for attaining it. According to the outcome document of the International Conference on Primary Health Care, the declaration which was given primary health care has been identified as the sole method which can be sued for the reduction of health inequalities within and between the countries. This will finally help in achieving the highly ambitious yet unrealized goal by the year 2000 “Health for All” (Global strategy for health for all by the year 2000, 1981).

Assignment Expert Australia Definition of Primary Health Care

According to this document primary health care has been defined as the as “essential health care” services which are totally based upon the scientifically proven interventions. Thus primary health care (PHC) covers curative, promotive, rehabilitative and preventive care. The fundamental aim of PHC is to provide the health care to the society which is equal and fair ( means available to in equal manner), affordable ( priced in reasonable manner and free care for those who cannot afford to pay), effective ( able to accomplish the main aim of caring), accessible ( within the reach of all the communities), available ( able to meet the primary health requirements of the whole community), efficient( Provides a very good value for the money), multidisciplinary ( involve teamwork amongst the various levels and types of health care, so that community gets all kinds of care without wasteful duplication), decentralised ( allowing each and every district to take decision regarding how in the best manner they can meet the health needs of their area), participative ( encourages people to participate in activities which helps in managing them their own health), and collaborative ( working in association with other public services like public, agriculture and water so that all the basic needs for health can be met) (Kyriacos et al., 2008). Primary health care lays its main focus on providing accessible, appropriate and affordable services for the prevention, treatment and management of the processes of disease.

Alternatives of Primary Health Care
Assignment Writing Tutor Australia A suggested by Wass ( 2000) the underlying philosophy which is very central to the primary healthcare encompasses the concepts related to social justice and community participation which also covers responsiveness to the local population’s health needs and equity also. In order to be effective the primary health care approach should be applied to all the levels of the health care systems and to every interaction which take place between the community members and the health care workers (Wass, 2000). IN the recent years however the term ‘primary health care’ has been used in interchangeable manner with ‘primary nursing care’ and ‘primary medical care’ (Douglas et al., 2009).There have been the need for alternative strategies for providing the personal health services regarding the community are in relation to Israel where there is a widespread network of community-based curative clinics as well as preventive family health centres. The major alternative strategy which has emerged for the primary health care is the Community-oriented primary health care (C-OPHC). It has been developed and has been critically evaluated also by Hadssah Teaching and Research centre based in Kiryat Hayovel. COPHC works through proper coordination between the individual clinics and the community medicine and it needs drastic changes in both the skills as well as orientation (Kark and Kark, 1983) . Another alternative which can be thought for PHC is progressive and advanced rolling out of primary health care, district-by-district through a widespread network of health centres as done in South Africa through the support from hospital (Primary Health Care: The world Health REport 2008, 2008).

Reasons for Primary Health Care Movement
The “ Primary Health Care Movement” was being mobilised through the Alma-Ata Conference which included the professionals and institutions, researchers and grassroots organizations, governments and civil society organizations which joined together to handle health inequalities in all the countries politically, economically and socially unacceptable. The values pursued by the Declaration of Alma-Ata conference were totally clear like they were social justice, participation , solidarity and right to better health for all the p-people in the community (Primary Health Care: The world Health REport 2008, 2008). This is the reason why the Declaration of Alma-Ata has been regarded as an important and very vital milestone in the promotion of healthy all across the world. The movement for PHC, the Alma-Ata rose from the movement for social justice which led to the 1974 Declaration on the establishment of the New International Economic Order. Both the movements laid the main stress on the interdependent association between global economy and both the movements also supported and encouraged the process of transferring the knowledge and aids in order to reverse the economical and technological gaps which were existing and growing between the developing and the industrialised countries.

Buy Assignment Australia The rare examples existing in the poorer nations regarding the community-based innovations just after World War II also gave huge inspiration for the PHC Movement. The advancements in the health sector can also occur without the highly advanced facilities and infrastructure available in the industrialised countries was proved by the countries like Nigerian under-five clinics, Cuba’s and Vietnams’ health systems and China’s bare-foot doctors (Primary health care: 30 years since Alma-Ata, n.d.). The best example which can be quoted for Primary Health Care is the model which is implemented in Cuba which is highly successful primary health care model which came into being after the Cuban Revolution in 1959. This world famous model of PHC came into being amongst very dramatic social, political and economical changes which led to the creation of a preventive care system which was very much effectual in providing equal access to health care which earned huge acclaims from world famous organizations like World Health Organization, Pan American Health Organizations and UNICEF (Whiteford, Branch and Chapel, 2009).

Existing Models of PHC in Cuba
The Cuban Primary Health care Model is mainly dependent upon the citizen as well as governmental participation and contains an extensive network comprising a whole family of medical practitioners, epidemiological surveillance and widespread preventive services too. The subsequent support economically from Soviet Union along with 1959 Revolution, the US’s trade embargo against Cuba and Fidel Castro’s unflagging commitment and longevity towards achieving public health through human rights , all these factors separately and acting together have shaped the development of the successful health policy flourishing in Cuba (Whiteford, Branch and Chapel, 2009).

Central Features of PHC
Primary health care is an essential perspective of society which is made universally accessible to all the people in the community and is accepted by the individuals along with their full participation too and at a minimal cost which the country as well as the community can afford. Some of the features of Primary Health Care are listed below:

Educating the community regarding the prevailing health problems and teaching them the methods of prevention and control too.
Providing adequate supply of basic amenities like safe drinking water and basic sanitation facilities
Promoting the proper supply of food to the people and giving proper nutrition to them
Maternal as well as child health care which includes FP
Prevention and control of the local endemic diseases
Provision of supplying the basic and essential drugs like for polio vaccination, malaria drugs etc.
Immunization against the major infections and diseases etc.
Appropriate and the right time treatment of the common diseases likes cold and cough, fever etc.
Some of the main Principles which have been found related to Primary health care are:

Equitable Distribution
Intersectoral Coordination
Decentralisation
Community participation
Appropriate Technology
Some of the basic requirements which are vital for the right application of PHC are (the 8 A’s and the 3C’s) which are listed below:

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