What is the main activity of the colon?

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1)     What is the main activity of the colon?

  1. Reabsorbing water from the guts into the circulatory system
  1. Absorbing water from the circulatory system to excrete from the body
  1. Absorbing cellulose and glucose into the circulatory system
  1. Absorbing amino acids and cellulose into the circulatory system
  1. Killing off bacteria on the digested food

2)     Which of the following is important in inflammation?

  1. Contraction of actin, myosin, and thrombosthenin
  1. Increased permeability of capillaries
  1. Activation of platelets
  1. Antibody activation
  1. Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide

3)     When oxygen-rich blood passes through a capillary bed in poorly-oxygenated tissue, what happens?

  1. Hemoglobin delivers carbon dioxide to the tissue and picks up oxygen waste
  1. Hemoglobin changes shape and much of the oxygen unbinds from the hemoglobin
  1. Hemoglobin leaves the capillary and enters the tissue to deliver oxygen
  1. Hemoglobin enters the capillary to carry carbon dioxide away from the tissue
  1. Hemoglobin changes shape and most of the carbon dioxide unbinds from the hemoglobin

4)     If a person with type-O blood (the host) receives blood from a type-A donor, what are the consequences?

  1. There is no clotting because there are no antigens on the donor’s type-A blood
  1. Both A and B are true
  1. The type-A donor blood clots because of the anti-B antibodies in the host’s body
  1. The type-A donor blood clots because of the anti-A antibodies in the host’s body
  1. There is no clotting because there are no antibodies in the host’s type-O blood

5)     Which of the following statements best explains how the amount of water inside alveoli remains small?

  1. The lymphatic system drains fluids from the alveoli
  1. There are large amounts of proteins in the water inside the alveoli, which dilutes the water
  1. There are large amounts of proteins in the interstitium, causing water to leave alveoli via osmosis
  1. The fluid in the alveoli is passed into the esophagus
  1. The question is wrong; the alveoli have large amounts of water in them

6)     Which of the following statements about hydrochloric acid in the stomach is FALSE?

  1. Begins the process of breaking down fats
  1. Kills many pathogens that enter the stomach
  1. It is responsible for activating pepsinogen into pepsin
  1. Its production results in an increase in bicarbonate in the blood
  1. Denatures proteins in the stomach

7)     A protein designed to attach to one kind of invading structure (protein, carbohydrate, or other structure or chemical that identifies the invader) is:

  1. Lymphocyte
  1. Rh factor
  1. Antibody
  1. Antigen
  1. Lysosome

8)     Which of the following statements about T-lymphocytes is true?

  1. They are responsible for manufacturing antibodies
  1. Some kinds of T-lymphocytes bind to invaders, puncture them, and poison them
  1. They are manufactured in the bone marrow
  1. Each T-lymphocyte can react to dozens of different antigens
  1. They are related to humoral immunity, and not cell-mediated immunity

9)     When an action potential is inhibited, which of the following statements describes the voltage change?

  1. Neurotransmitters are not produced in adequate amounts to carry on an action potential
  1. Sodium ions are drawn into the axon and not released
  1. Too much neurotransmitter is produced, causing the action potential to damage the axon
  1. A greater voltage change is required because the resting voltage is unusually negative
  1. A smaller voltage change is required because the resting voltage is close to zero

10)   Which of the following type of white blood cells (leukocytes) moves via amoeboid locomotion?

  1. Erythrocytes
  1. Lymphocyte
  1. Basophils
  1. Platelets
  1. Macrophages

11)   When a person sees a car driving on the road, and simultaneously hears the motor, the two sensory inputs can be combined to form a more complete understanding of the situation. This is an example of:

  1. Afferent and efferent interaction
  1. Chemosensitivity
  1. Partial pressure
  1. Integrative function
  1. Facilitation

12)   During exercise, the blood flow to the lungs increases by:

  1. Decreased pressure in the pulmonary arteries
  1. Greater pressure from the left ventricle of the heart
  1. Greater number of open capillaries
  1. More rapid contractions of the diaphragm
  1. Slow, strong contraction of the diaphragm

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