Chapter 9: Foundations of Group Behavior *Define group and distinguish the different types of groups: Group – two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives Formal Group  one defined by the organization’s structure, with designated work assignments establishing tasks – Behaviors team members should engage in are stipulated by and directed toward organizational goals – Ex. – the six members of an airline flight crew 1) Command group  determined by the organization chart a. Composed of individuals who report directly to a given manager b. Ex. – elementary school principal and her 18 teachers 2) Task group  organizationally determined, represents individuals working together to complete a job task a. Boundaries not limited to its immediate hierarchical superior; the group can cross command relationships b. Ex. – if a college student is accused of a campus crime, dealing with the problem might require coordination among the dean of academic affairs, dean of students, registrar, director of security, and the student’s advisor c. Command groups are also task groups; task groups are not always command groups because they can cut across the organization Informal Group  neither formally structured nor organizationally determined – Natural formations in the work environment that appear in response to the need for social contact – Deeply affect behavior and performance – Ex. – three employees from different departments who regularly have lunch or coffee together are an informal group 1) Interest group  people affiliate to attain a specific objective with which each individual is concerned a. Ex. – employees who band together to have their vacation schedules altered, to support a peer who has been fired, or to seek improved working conditions have formed a united body to further their common interest 2) Friendship group  individual members have one or more common characteristics a. Ex. – social alliances, which frequently extend outside the work situation, can be based on common age or ethnic heritage, support for Notre Dame football, interest in the same alternative rock band, or similar political views, to name just a few such characteristics *Identify the five stages of group development: The Five-Stage Group-Development Model: 1) Forming Stage  characterized by a great deal of uncertainty about the group’s purpose, structure, and leadership; stage complete when members have begun think of themselves as part of a group 2) Storming Stage  intragroup conflict; members accept existence of group but resist constraints imposed on individuality; conflict over who will control group; complete when there is relatively clear hierarchy of leadership within the group 3) Norming Stage  close relationships develop and the group demonstrates cohesiveness; strong sense of group identity and camaraderie; complete when group structure sol

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