Conceptual models for cardiovascular nursing

/in /by

Conceptual models for cardiovascular nursing.

Lesson 3: Conceptual Models for Cardiovascular Nursing

 

 

https://nurseslabs.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Nursing-Theories-Guide-FT-696×500.jpg

Nursing practice in any field of specialization rely on theoretical and conceptual knowledge to support care. Let us revisit the theoretical and conceptual foundations of practice which we will try to specifically apply in the care of patients with Cardiovascular disorders.

THE DOMAIN OF NURSING

DOMAIN

  • Perspective of the profession provides the subject, central concepts, values and beliefs, phenomena of interest, and central problems of a discipline can comprise of many variables

DOMAIN OF NURSING

  • Knowledge of nursing practice as well as the knowledge of nursing history, nursing theory, education, and research provides both a practical and theoretical aspect of the discipline Identification and treatmentof health care needs at all levels of health and in all health care settings

 

METAPARADIGM

  • Concepts that can be superimposed on other concepts
  • Four major metaparadigms in nursing:
    • PERSON: Recipient of nursing care
    • HEALTH
    • ENVIRONMENT: Includes all possible conditions affecting patients and the settings in which their health care needs occur
    • NURSING: Diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems

THEORY

  • Designed to explain a phenomenon
  • Way of seeing through a “set of relatively concrete and specific concepts and the propositions that describe or link the concepts” (Fawcett, 2005)
  • Constitute much of the knowledge of a discipline
  • Contains a set of concepts, definitions, and assumptions or propositions that explain a phenomenon
    • PHENOMENON
      • Term, description, or label given to describe an idea or responses about an event, a situation, a process, a group of events, or a group of situations (Meleis, 2011)
      • May be temporary or permanent
    • CONCEPTS
      • Simple or complex Relate to an object or event that comes from individual perceptual experiences (Alligood and Tomey, 2010).
      • “Mental images”
      • “Building blocks” of theories
      • Help describe or label the phenomena
    • DEFINITIONS
      • Communicate the general meaning of the concepts
      • Describe the activity necessary to measure the concepts within a theory (Alligood and Tomey, 2010).

 

 

  • ASSUMPTIONS OR PROPOSITIONS
    • “Taken-for-granted” statements that explain the nature of the concepts, definitions, purpose, relationships, and structure of a theory (Meleis, 2011).

CHARACTERISTICS OF A THEORY

  • Interrelate concepts in such a way as to create a different way of looking at a particular phenomenon.
  • Are logical in nature.
  • Are generalizable.
  • Are the bases for hypotheses that can be tested.
  • Increase the general body of knowledge within the discipline through the research implemented to validate them.
  • Are used by the practitioners to guide and improve their practice.
  • Are consistent with other validated theories, laws, and principles but will leave open unanswered questions that need to be investigated

https://i.pinimg.com/originals/af/0b/96/af0b967a5f0e063a56a79fc5559b6f3a.jpg

 

NURSING THEORY

  • Conceptualization of some aspect of nursing that describes, explains, predicts, or prescribes nursing care (Meleis, 2011)
  • Provides guidelines for decision making, problem solving, and nursing interventions (Selanders, 2010)
  • Helps to identify the focus, means, and goals of practice

IMPORTANCE OF NURSING THEORY

  • Nursing theory aims to describe, predict and explain the phenomenon of nursing (Chinn &Jacobs1978).
  • It should provide the foundations of nursing practice, help to generate further knowledge and indicate in which direction nursing should develop in the future (Brown,1964).
  • Theory is important because it helps us to decide what we know and what we need to know.
  • It helps to distinguish what should form the basis of practice by explicitly describing nursing.
  • This can be seen as an attempt by the nursing profession to maintain its professional boundaries.

PURPOSES OF NURSING THEORY

  • Link among nursing theory, education, research, and clinical practice
  • Contributes to knowledge development
  • May direct education, research, and Practice

TYPES OF NURSING THEORY

  • GRAND THEORIES
    • Systematic and broad in scope, complex
    • Require further specification through research.
    • Does not provide guidance for specific nursing interventions
    • Provides the structural framework for broad, abstract ideas about nursing
  • MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES
    • More limited in scope
    • Less abstract
    • Address a specific phenomenon and reflect practice (administration, clinical, or teaching).
    • Focus on a specific field of nursing (such as uncertainty, incontinence, social support, quality of life, and caring) rather than reflect on a wide variety of nursing care situations (Meleis, 2011)
  • DESCRIPTIVE THEORIES
    • First level of theory development
    • Describe phenomena, speculate on why they occur, and describe their consequences
    • Explain, relate, and in some situations predict nursing phenomena (Meleis, 2011)
    • Do not direct specific nursing activities but help to explain patient assessments.
  • PRESCRIPTIVE THEORIES
    • Address nursing interventions for a phenomenon
    • Describe the conditions under which the prescription (i.e., nursing interventions) occurs, and predict the consequences (Meleis, 2011).
    • Action oriented
    • Test the validity and predictability of a nursing intervention
    • Guide nursing research to develop and test specific nursing interventions

OTHER THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE

  • INTERDISCIPLINARY THEORIES
    • Explains a systematic view of a phenomenon specific to the discipline of inquiry.
    • Other disciplines such as the physical, social, and behavioral sciences
  • NEEDS THEORIES
    • These theories are based around helping individuals to fulfill their physical and mental needs.
    • Needs theories have been criticized for relying too much on the medical model of health and placing the patient in an overtly dependent position.
  • INTERACTION THEORIES
    • These theories revolve around the relationships nurses form with patients.
    • Such theories have been criticized for largely ignoring the medical model of health and not attending to basic physical needs.
  • OUTCOME THEORIES T
    • These portray the nurse as the changing force, who enables individuals to adapt to or cope with ill health (Roy,1980).
    • Outcome theories have been criticized as too abstract and difficult to implement in practice (Crossan & Robb1998).
  • HUMANISTIC THEORIES
    • Humanistic theories developed in response to the psychoanalytic thought that a person’s destiny was determined early in life.
    • Humanistic theories emphasize a person’s capacity for self actualization .
    • Humanists believes that the person contains within himself the potential for healthy and creative growth.

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcSB3XIKljvPCkbmMREEwxbziK9pjhiuMOw7hQ&usqp=CAU

Theories are important in nursing practice because it forms the foundation of practice, policies and research as seen in the diagram above. It can be noted that the practice of Cardiovascular nursing is also underpinned with theoretical bases which include nursing theories, medical and disease or illness models as well as interdisciplinary and some borrowed theories from other disciplines like the social sciences. It is important therefore to we re-familiarized with these theories in order to understand or give rationale to our nursing actions.

 

Here are some research articles that discuss the use of theories and conceptual models for care of patients with cardiovascular disorders:

/files/4653464/timmins2006(2).pdf

/files/4653464/timmins2008(2).pdf

/files/4653464/wcms_316218(2).pdf

 

Instructions

 

As a synthesis of last week’s topic on the Conceptual Models of Cardiovascular Nursing, please answer the following questions. You may include references to relevant research or other articles; and appropriately cite sources of lifted statements from these researches or articles.

Choose ONE of the articles presented in the previous lesson and briefly discuss what is being asked for in the following guide questions

note; my chosen article is the first  research article above

 

  1. What conceptual model/s are being presented?
  2. What types or classification of theory does the conceptual model belong to?
    1. What are the elements presented in the theory? (concept, phenomenon, definitions, assumptions and propositions)
  3. How do these elements apply to or affect the practice of Cardiovascular Nursing?

 

Conceptual models for cardiovascular nursing

Get your Custom paper done as per your instructions !

Order Now