Somatotype and Bioimpedance

Somatotype and Bioimpedance

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Abstract

A lifestyle management programme also known as wellness programme is an intervention plan specifically designed to promote and achieve desirable behaviour and lifestyle change. It is widely used in health promotion programmes that fundamentally aim at empowering the general public to have an increase in control and improvement over their personal health. Based on the need to oversee personal well-being in regard to health, a lifestyle management programme may then be described as a structured and action-specific initiative of health promotion meant to assist people reduce health risks, improve their personal health as well as promotion of healthy behaviours. Such programmes therefore target various kinds of health concerns such as nutrition, stress and physical activity. Their use is mostly noted in the community and public health initiatives. Therefore, it is important to know the somatotype of an individual before subjecting the person to body-fitness programs and so the reason for this paper.

Introduction

Somatotyping is effectual method for describing the composition and body shape. A person’s somatotype is defined from components namely; mesomorphy, ectomorphy and morphy. Mesomorphy is the musculoskeletal compartment development, ectomorphy deals with body linearity and endomorphy deals within the fatness of the body.

Results

The results indicate a strong development of endomorphic component as observed in the tables. A development of endomorphy has been realized in in other research on somatotype of people with pathologies correlated diabetes.

Form the result, the convergence of the somatotype results and other anthropometric methods is remarkable. The figures of endomorphy and anthropometric fatness indicators remained particularly high in endomorphy persons. On the other hand, there recorded a lower suitability of the individuals to risk factors. The study also confirms lower mesomorphy in the participants. The data does not appear very consistent. This is contributed by the fact that the sampling was random (Bray & Bouchard, 2004).

When building muscles through workouts, it is important all muscle groups of the body are targeted equally for a proper and proportionate growth of the body. People wish to have large muscles and cut out physique. This can be a reality if one practices workouts that concentrate on all muscle groups, giving equal opportunities for their development while performing. These workouts won’t produce results immediately and therefore require patience and enthusiasm. A workout routine is required in this case so that one performs his or he exercises in a disciplined way (Bray & Bouchard, 2004). Workout routines to build a person’s muscle are usually intense and long to increase strength of muscles and improve the overall development of the body.

The following results is for a 27 years old male, weighs in 117.5 kg and has a height of 175 cm

Determination of somatotype

Ponderal Index = 35.73

Body Mass index (BMI) = Weight (kg)/ height2 (m2)

= 117.5 / 3.0625 = 38.37

Circumference measurement

Body type Measurement

inch cm

Chest 43 109.3

Waist 46 117

Hips 47 119.5

Upper Thigh 27 68.6

Ankle 14 35.6

Wrist 7.5 19

Neck 17.3 44

Calf 17.2 43.8

Biceps (relaxed) 13 33

Healthy diet must be accompanied with exercise for there to be optimal results and achievement of the health and nutrition objectives. The above result shows that the participants were physically fit. Physical activity both confers many others health benefits apart from ensuring weight reduction and maintenance. Review of literature reveals that physical activity for an obese person acts to minimize all the risks associated with the accumulated fat, increase immunity to disease, and alters hormonal and metabolic processes that may have otherwise led to ill health (Blackburn, 2004). Many researchers and scholars have confirmed that physical activity furthermore reduces the chance of getting heart disease among other familiar health problems, dying prematurely.

Bioimpedance

Body Fat measurement

Location Percentage (%)

Body fat 30.9

Left arm 33.2

Right arm 32.1

left leg 24

Right leg 24

According to Blackburn 2004, Body fat percentage outweighs the other components. Designing a weight loss profile analysis is very vital. It should consist of effective measures for getting the desired weight thus detailing the efforts made towards promotion of healthy diets that strives to lower energy density, behavioral change and regular physical exercises. In order to achieve a healthy weight structure, good habits of eating should be strictly followed and together with physical activity, should become permanent component of lifestyle changes for a victim (Blackburn, 2004).

Doctors use Body Mass Index (BMI) to determine if one’s weight is within the healthy range. In this case, it was within the range. To determine whether person is not within the range or is obese, the BMI will be used. Height and weight measurements are required to effectively use the formula. Step one will involve converting the height into inches and then squaring the resultant figure (5×12) add 10 equals 702 =4900. Weight in pounds is then divided by height in inches; 230 divided by 4900 will give 0.04694. The obtained figure is finally converted to metrics by multiplying it by 703. 0.047 by 703 equals to 32.999. My BMI is 33 meaning the person is obese.

Obesity can lead to cartilage and bone degeneration. Research indicates that it is a risk factor for particularly knee joint osteoarthritis. Obesity has additionally been known to carry a penalty of coronary heart disease. Study indicates that it is the reason for excessive occurrences of cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity (Fletcher, et al. 2009). Having obesity furthermore makes one vulnerable to having gall stones. This is because the liver in such cases is forced to produce cholesterol which is delivered into bile making it supersaturated. High blood pressure has also been associated with obesity since the excess adipose tissue secretes substances acted on by kidneys consequently resulting to hypertension. Furthermore higher insulin is produced in the body elevating blood pressure. Several new cancers are also linked to obesity (Blackburn, 2004).

Muscle mass measurement

Location Weight (kg)

Muscle Mass 77.2

Left arm 4.6

Right arm 4.5

left leg 14.2

Right leg 13.9

The result shows that muscular mass weighed more than all other body components. The left arm was also heavier than the right. The left arm was as well heavier than the right arm. The condition might have been contributed by various factors beyond the scope of this experiment.

One can follow a workout routine for a perfect shape and not necessarily increase body muscle and size. An exercise for all muscle groups would ensure all muscle groups become accustomed to the muscle building exercises. A person starting any workout should ensure he or she starts out on a proper warm up for all body parts. The session for warm up could stay for about 15 to 20 minutes. Examples of these exercises include running, walking, and jogging among others. These activities energize muscles to get them ready for a workout (Fletcher, et al. 2009).

Squatting can also help reduce excess weight in the arms and legs. The aim of squatting exercise is to tone the muscles of leg and arms. One should start push up from a standing position while maintaining shoulder width distance between legs. Arms are kept crossed during this exercise process to help perform it better. The arms can also be maintained sideways when necessary. Lower the body while inhaling; simultaneously raise the arms at elbow. Lower the body to the point the thighs are kept at a parallel position on the ground surface. Then raise the body to starting position while exhaling. This helps reduce excess weight.

Other values

Type result

Basal metabolic rate 2485 kcal /24hr

Visceral Fat index 14 (see index)

Bone Mass 4 Kg

Metabolic age 42 years old

Glucose 5.7

CHOL 5.27 mmol/L

HDL CHOL .58 mmol/L

TRIG 2.80 mmol/L

calc LDL 3.40 mmol/L

TC/HDL 9.1

The participants experienced normal basal metabolic rates with normal blood glucose.

Toning workouts are aimed to provide complete exercise for the whole body. There are different types of workouts to tone down the body for example strengthen the muscles and develop a lean body. Developing a strong and lean body is the main objective of workouts for toning. Workouts for strengthening body muscles and losing weight are the toning workouts. The following are some of the workouts that tone the body:

Abdominal Crunch is performed by a person lying on his back. The knees are maintained in a bent position. Tuck the hands below the head while the elbows to point outwards. From this position curl the shoulders up by using the strength of abdominal muscles to lift the body. Raise the body upwards, towards the knees, then bringing it back to the starting position. This exercise is one of the best in toning the abs although there are many others abs exercise to be included for toning.

Swimming is also among the best toning workout for both men and women. Swimming provides enough exercises to different muscles of the body. As a matter of fact swimming is the fastest exercise to tone the body. Allocating time to perform other workout exercises can be hectic but swimming besides being beneficial is also enjoyed by a person. Swimming can be categorized as one of the best toning exercise without use of weights.

Press-ups are among the best workout for toning the body. One can start by lying face-down and put palms to touch the surface of ground and point forward. It is important to note that the body needs to rest on palms and toes. Also, the body needs to be lifted in the process of performing this workout by straightening the arms. Through the process one should maintain the back and legs in the process and then lower the body back to original position. One of the major challenges to success would be feelings of discouragement due to failure to instantly lose a lot of weight (Fletcher, et al. 2009). There is also the problem of ridicule from people such that it becomes difficult to feel comfortable at the local gym. Lack of monetary resources to enable enrolment to exercise facilities or to purchase the required foods would also be an impediment. Furthermore peer pressure might force me to go back to the old unhealthy habits.

However these challenges can be overcome easily by making a commitment to embrace attain weight related changes. Commitment will ensure that one keep focus and not made to quit by external pressure. Getting emotional support from family and friends will guarantee that I get encouragement that I need to focus on the plan. Family and friends may also be helpful in terms of providing the resources to achieve a healthy weight. It will also be critical for me to set realistic goals. The goals should be process goals like regular exercise as opposed to outcome goals like losing 23 kilograms. The goals must also be specific, realistic and measurable (Blackburn, 2004).

Conclusion

In conclusion it is very easy to assess success and effectiveness of the plan in addressing the problem of obesity through one’s somatotype. This is because change in weight is measurable and therefore using the weighing scales it is easy to tell of any changes that may necessitate plan adjustment. Periodic medical check-ups will also indicate the effectiveness of the plan in ensuring well ness.

Particularly in this generation the likelihood of people having obesity is made even higher by the lack of regular exercise, overeating or irregular meals. Easy access to oral contraceptives, corticosteroids and antidepressants further enhance the chance of acquiring the condition. The trendy lifestyles adopted have also made convenience foods to become more preferable and walks to schools and work to be replaced by car journeys. There is never enough time for people to prepare healthy meals and thus rely on the snack machines for almost all meals. The problem is that obesity is costing the economy since it has incapacitates the active workforce making them less productive. It is up to everyone therefore to embrace healthy lifestyles and habits for their own benefit and that of the nation.

References

Blackburn, G. (2004). Obesity: pathophysiology, psychology, and treatment. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Bray, G. & Bouchard, C. (2004). Handbook of obesity: etiology and pathophysiology. New York:Informal Health Care.

Fletcher, G., Grundy, S. & Hayman, L. (2009). Obesity: impact on cardiovascular disease. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.

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