Nursing Theory And Philosophy Nursing Essay
Prior to the development and application of nursing theories, nursing practice was considered a series of tasks that had little to no rationale. The evolution of nursing theories, philosophies, has made it possible for nursing to become a profession and academic discipline. When used as a guideline for critical thinking, and decision making, nursing theory encourages autonomy. In the end, nursing philosophy and nursing theory have enriched nursing practice and knowledge (McEwen).
Two terms that can be interchangeably used to describe nursing theory and philosophy are theory and nursing philosophy. The theory and model that a nurse uses will depend on the philosophy they have about nursing. Nursing philosophy explains the nature of nursing and gives insight into why nurses do what they do. Nursing theory describes how nurses can heal and promote good health. It uses models to show how beliefs and health aspects are interrelated. The theory is used to explain and analyze the work of nurses, as well as to facilitate communication between them and guide research and education. Nursing theory covers the foundations of nursing practice and provides direction for the future.
According to Meleis, nursing theory has many benefits. Nursing theory is used as a framework for research and as a reference point for patient assessment and intervention. It makes nursing practice more competent. Nursing theory is a common platform that allows advanced practice nurses and other disciplines to communicate about patient care. It supports the “professional autonomy” responsibility and liability of advanced practice nurses (Meleis, 2011). There are several benefits to theory-based practice. These include structure and organization, a systematic and purposeful approach that focuses on coordinated care, and identifiable goals and outcomes.
Nurses are not considered thinkers but doers. Many people choose to work in nursing to be advocates or to help people with ethical and philosophical questions. Financial stress and a focus in the nursing profession’s career advancement is a major obstacle to philosophical thinking about nurses and seeking education and training. The biggest obstacle to successfully applying a nursing model or theory to a specific situation is the use of the wrong type of theory.
One type of theory can not be used for every patient. Many nurses lack a sufficient understanding about the different nursing theories to be able to use them effectively (Meleis 2011.) Florence Nightingale published “Notes on Nursing” in 1860. These notes became the foundation of nursing research, practice, and research. Jean Watson developed the Theory of Human Caring from 1975 to 1979. This theory helps nursing to be recognized as a distinct discipline and separate profession. It also highlights the importance of nursing as a growing discipline. Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory was inspired by her belief in the human ability to care for oneself and their families. Her theory states that nurses are responsible for providing the care patients require when they are unable to care for themselves
